04 The Legal Picture

Most nonprofits face one accessibility law. Laradon faces four — simultaneously. As a contracted school for 24 public districts, a Medicaid-funded provider, and a public-facing organization, Laradon sits at a rare intersection where Colorado state law, federal funding rules, and the ADA all converge. One grace period has already expired. Two more deadlines land within 90 days.

At a Glance Legal Exposure

The core problem: Colorado’s HB21-1110 is unique nationally — it lets individuals sue for $3,500 per violation, payable directly to the plaintiff. With 43 documented findings, that’s up to $150,500 in statutory damages alone. Meanwhile, Section 504 puts $15M+ in annual federal funding at risk of termination. And the good-faith defense that might have protected Laradon expired seven months ago.
4
Laws Apply
$150K
CO Statutory
$15M+
Fed. Funding Risk
Expired
Good-Faith Defense

Four legal frameworks converge on Laradon simultaneously. Colorado HB21-1110 is unique nationally — it allows $3,500 per violation payable directly to the plaintiff. With 43 findings, that's up to $150,500 in statutory damages alone. The good-faith grace period expired 7 months ago.

Risk Board-Level Assessment

5 / 5
Reputational
Lorem ipsum on homepage + inaccessible ADA/Title VI plan on a disability nonprofit
5 / 5
Mission Alignment
Disability empowerment mission undermined by inaccessible site serving 10 listed disabilities
4 / 5
Legal (ADA Title III)
Nonprofit = public accommodation; web accessibility cases routinely litigated nationwide
4 / 5
Funding / Section 504
HHS regulations explicitly cover web; ~$15M+/yr in federal funding at risk of termination
4 / 5
Harm to Users
Countdown timer, unlabeled links, and popups materially affect the 450+ people Laradon serves — including seizure risk, anxiety triggers, and cognitive overload

Findings → Law How Technical Failures Create Legal Exposure

Each finding from What We Found maps to specific legal consequences. These aren't abstract risks — they're evidence chains a plaintiff or regulator would use.

Finding No Skip Navigation
↓ creates
100+ tab stops per page → 0 of 4 user journeys pass keyboard → fails WCAG 2.4.1
↓ triggers
HB21-1110: $3,500 per violation. Section 504: excludes people with motor disabilities from programs. Title III: nexus to physical services broken.
Finding Countdown Timer
↓ creates
Rapidly changing digits with no pause → seizure trigger for photosensitive epilepsy → fails WCAG 2.2.1, 2.2.2
↓ triggers
HB21-1110: medical harm to served population. Section 504: denies safe access to donation flow. Title III: discriminatory condition on fundraising.
Finding Lorem Ipsum on Homepage
↓ creates
Placeholder text on a live site serving people with IDD → "cognitive trap" → fails WCAG 3.1.1
↓ triggers
HB21-1110: demonstrates no good-faith effort — forfeits grace period defense. Section 504: excludes users with cognitive disabilities from program info.
Finding No Accessibility Statement
↓ creates
No feedback channel → frustrated users become plaintiffs instead of reporters
↓ triggers
HB21-1110: no "safety valve" to redirect complaints. Section 504: no documented compliance effort for OCR review. Title II: districts can't verify vendor compliance.
Finding Broken Contact Links
↓ creates
4 dead emails on Contact Us → families in crisis hit dead ends
↓ triggers
Title III: "nexus" to physical services severed — can't reach Laradon to access programs. Section 504: effective denial of service to qualified individuals.
Finding Hover-Only Menus
↓ creates
Keyboard/switch users cannot access any sub-pages → entire site sections unreachable
↓ triggers
All 4 laws: total barrier to service discovery. Title II flow-down: districts can't point families to Laradon's school page by keyboard.

Law 1 Colorado HB21-1110

Grace Expired July 2025
Exposure: $3,500 × 43 findings = up to $150,500
"Each state agency shall ensure that all new and existing information technology that is developed, procured, maintained, or used by the state agency is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities."

The legal test has three elements:

1
Is Laradon a "state agency" or equivalent?
Laradon is a private nonprofit, but it functions as a state instrumentality. It contracts with 24 public school districts to provide special education services — an essential public function the state must deliver under IDEA. The Colorado OIT FAQ confirms the law covers entities "that provide services on behalf of state and local government agencies." CU Anschutz and Level Access confirm this broad reach.
2
Does it use "information technology"?
laradon.org is a public-facing website. It is information technology by any definition.
3
Is that technology inaccessible?
This audit documents 43 unique WCAG 2.2 AA violations across 12 pages. Zero of four critical user journeys are completable by keyboard. The site is approximately 25% compliant. The homepage contains lorem ipsum. The contact page has four broken email links. There is no accessibility statement.
"The court shall award to a prevailing plaintiff damages of three thousand five hundred dollars for each violation proven at trial."
Conclusion: All three elements are met. With 43 documented violations, maximum statutory exposure is $3,500 × 43 = $150,500. The good-faith defense (HB24-1454) is unavailable — grace period expired July 2025 and no remediation has occurred. Unlike federal ADA (primarily injunctive relief), this law pays directly to the plaintiff. Acquia.

Law 2 HHS Section 504

May 11, 2026 — 84 days
Exposure: ~$15M+/year in federal funding at risk
"No otherwise qualified individual with a disability… shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

The legal test has three elements:

1
Does Laradon receive federal financial assistance?
Laradon's Foundation page describes its funding. The About Us page confirms ~$18M annual budget. The majority flows from CDE (The Laradon School), HCPF/Medicaid waivers (Adult Day Program), and other federal grants. Textbook "federal financial assistance."
2
Does the 2024 Final Rule apply (size threshold)?
The HHS May 2024 Final Rule sets a deadline of May 11, 2026 for recipients with 15+ employees. Laradon has ~210 employees — well above the threshold. The rule mandates WCAG 2.1 Level AA for web content, mobile apps, and kiosks (McDermott Will & Emery).
3
Is a qualified individual being excluded or denied benefits?
Laradon lists 10 disabilities it serves — Intellectual Disability, Down Syndrome, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Seizure Disorder, ADHD. These are the very people excluded by the current website. A person with cerebral palsy cannot navigate by keyboard (0/4 journeys pass). A person with a seizure disorder faces medical risk from the countdown timer. A person with IDD encounters lorem ipsum. These are Laradon's 450+ annually served population.
"Recipients… must ensure that their web content… [is] accessible… in compliance with WCAG 2.1 Level AA… The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) may investigate, mandate corrective action, and terminate funding."
Conclusion: All three elements are met. Laradon receives federal funds, has 210+ employees, and its website excludes the disability populations it serves. ~$15M+/year in federal funding at risk. Deadline: May 11, 2026 (84 days). Reed Smith. Level Access.

Law 3 DOJ ADA Title II

April 24, 2026 — 67 days
Exposure: 24 district contracts at risk of termination
"State and local governments must ensure that the web content and mobile apps they provide to the public meet WCAG Version 2.1, Level AA technical standards… including content provided through a contractor or vendor."

The legal logic (indirect applicability via "flow-down"):

1
Title II directly covers state and local government entities
Title II covers "public entities" — state and local governments, including public school districts. This is not disputed.
2
School districts are government entities
Laradon's School page states it serves students from 24 different school districts across Colorado. Laradon is a contracted provider of special education services — a function the districts are legally obligated to provide under IDEA.
3
Laradon contracts with 24 of them
The DOJ First Steps Guide explicitly states: "A public entity that uses a contractor or vendor to operate a service, program, or activity must ensure that the contractor or vendor complies."
4
The rule extends to content "provided through a contractor"
As districts update procurement policies to meet their April 24, 2026 deadline, they will require WCAG 2.1 AA compliance from all vendors. Laradon currently cannot certify this. Saiber and Arcstone confirm this flow-down interpretation.
Conclusion: Title II doesn't directly regulate Laradon. But it regulates the 24 school districts Laradon serves — and those districts will demand WCAG compliance from contractors or face their own liability. If Laradon can't certify accessibility, districts may terminate contracts. This transforms accessibility into a business continuity prerequisite. Deadline: April 24, 2026 (67 days). UC Berkeley.

Law 4 ADA Title III

ADA Title III
Ongoing — no deadline needed
Exposure: $5K–$270K per lawsuit
"No individual shall be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation."

The legal test has two elements:

1
Is Laradon a "place of public accommodation"?
Title III lists 12 categories. Laradon fits at least two: (5) "or other service establishment" — Laradon provides services to the public; and (7) "or other place of public gathering" — Laradon holds public events. The 9th Circuit in Robles v. Domino's (2019) held that a website connected to a physical location qualifies.
2
Does its website constitute "goods, services, or privileges" offered?
Laradon's site is transactional — the gateway to physical services: Donations (financial transactions), Events (ticket purchases), Volunteer (intake forms), Careers (job applications — also intersects ADA Title I), Contact (entry point for families). Each touchpoint has a direct nexus to physical services.
Conclusion: Laradon is a public accommodation offering transactional web services with a direct nexus to physical programs. No deadline exists, but no deadline is required to file suit. The DOJ 2022 Guidance confirms ADA applies to web. Federal lawsuits exceeded 5,100 in 2025 (Accessible.org). Settlements: $5K–$270K (TestParty). Saul Ewing.

Colorado HB21-1110 — The Unique Threat

$3,500 Per Violation — Payable to Plaintiff
Unlike federal ADA (which primarily uses injunctive relief — courts order you to fix it), Colorado HB21-1110 allows $3,500 per violation payable directly to the plaintiff. With 43 identified findings, theoretical maximum exposure = $150,500 in statutory damages alone, before legal fees. This fundamentally changes the cost calculus — plaintiffs have a financial incentive to file in Colorado.
"Good Faith" Defense — Forfeited
Original deadline: July 1, 2024. HB24-1454 extended to July 2025 — only for entities demonstrating good-faith efforts. Lorem ipsum + broken contacts + no statement + zero keyboard nav 7 months past deadline = the legal shield is gone.
"Awareness Without Action"
A hidden page at /careers-2/ says "Laradon strives to make laradon.org accessible… please contact HR." Not linked from any page. No feedback email. This proves someone at Laradon was aware of the obligation — and chose not to act. Worse than ignorance: conscious inaction.
Duplicate URL (/careers-2/ vs /careers/) also signals absent QA

Concepts Key Legal Doctrines

"Non-Delegable Duty"
Laradon retains legal liability for all third-party tools on its site — EveryAction (donations), ApplyToJob (careers), Elementor (page builder). Outsourcing a function does not outsource the obligation. If EveryAction's form is inaccessible, Laradon is the defendant.
42 U.S.C. § 12112(b)(2) — ADA, applied by analogy to web vendors
"Nexus" Theory
Plaintiffs target the connection between digital barriers and physical services. Laradon's site is transactional: donations, ticket sales, volunteer intake, job applications, client referrals. Each touchpoint is a lawsuit vector.
Proven in 7th Circuit and hotspots (NY, FL, CA) · DOJ 2022 Guidance
"Flow-Down" Liability
Laradon's 24 school districts are public entities updating procurement to require WCAG warranties from vendors. If Laradon can't certify, districts may terminate contracts to avoid assuming liability. Accessibility = business continuity.
DOJ First Steps Guide — "A public entity must ensure that the contractor complies."
HHS OCR Enforcement
Under Section 504, the HHS OCR can investigate complaints, mandate corrective action, and suspend or terminate federal funding. Laradon's ~$18M budget is primarily federal — ~$15M+/yr at stake.
ACL Summary — Medicaid waivers (HCPF) + CDE funding

Cases Illustrative Lawsuits

No widely reported lawsuit specifically targets a disability-serving nonprofit comparable to Laradon — but these cases establish the precedents that make one inevitable if barriers persist.

2019
Robles v. Domino's Pizza 9th Cir.
Title III web/app claim allowed without specific DOJ regulations. Courts don't need a deadline to act.
2015
NFB v. Scribd D. Vt.
Online-only business = "public accommodation." Laradon's website is its primary public interface.
2012
NAD v. Netflix D. Mass.
Title III applies to streaming/digital services. Caption accessibility mandate established.
2020
Blind users v. Girl Scouts Nonprofit
Nonprofit youth-serving entity targeted. Like Laradon, a mission-driven org serving vulnerable populations whose site failed basic accessibility.
Note: "The absence of a known case against a comparable disability nonprofit is not proof of safety; it may reflect plaintiff targeting preferences and media coverage bias." — Audit analysis

Data Litigation Landscape

5,500+
Projected 2026 filings
40%
Pro se increase
$50K–$300K+
Reactive total cost
4,000+
Federal ADA web lawsuits (2024) · accessiBe
5,100+
Federal ADA web lawsuits (2025) · Accessible.org
40%
Pro se filings increase (technology-enabled) · Seyfarth Shaw
$5K–$20K
Typical settlement range · Accessible.org
$55K–$270K
Higher-end settlements · TestParty
~$25K
Defense + settlement (conservative) · Kris Rivenburgh
$10K–$50K
Post-settlement mandatory costs · Accessible.org
$3,500
CO HB21-1110 statutory — per violation · CO OIT FAQ
Pro se surge: Technology is enabling self-filed ADA lawsuits — plaintiffs generate demand letters with minimal legal expertise. DarrowEverett analysis.